[Thin filament pyrometry]
Main article: Thin filament pyrometry
Image of the test flame and glowing SiC fibers. The flame is about 7 cm tall.
Silicon carbide fibers are used to measure gas temperatures in an optical technique called thin filament pyrometry. It involves the placement of a thin filament in a hot gas stream. Radiative emissions from the filament can be correlated with filament temperature. Filaments are SiC fibers with a diameter of 15 micrometers, that is 5 times thinner than human hair. Because the fibers are so thin, they do little to disturb the flame and their temperature remains close to that of the local gas. Temperatures of about 800 - 2500 K can be measured.
Electronic circuit elements
Silicon carbide is used for ultrafast, high-voltage Schottky diodes, MOSFETs and high temperature thyristors for high-power switching.[23] Currently, problems with the interface of SiC with silicon dioxide has hampered the development of SiC based power MOSFETs and insulated-gate bipolar transistors. Another problem is that SiC itself breaks down at high electric fields due to the formation of extended stacking faults, but this problem may have been resolved relatively recently.[34]
The history of SiC LEDs is quite remarkable: the first LED action was demonstrated in 1907 using SiC and the first commercial LEDs were again based on SiC. Yellow LEDs made from 3C-SiC were manufactured in in the Soviet Union in the 1970s,[35] and blue ones (6H-SiC) worldwide in the 1980s.[36] The production was soon stopped because gallium nitride showed 10-100 times brighter emission. This difference in efficiency is due to the unfavorable indirect bandgap of SiC whereas GaN has a direct bandgap which favors light emission. However, SiC is still one of the important LED components - it is a popular substrate for growing GaN devices, and it also serves as a heat spreader in high-power LEDs.[36]
Astronomy
The low thermal expansion coefficient, high hardness, rigidity and thermal conductivity make silicon carbide a desirable mirror material for astronomical telescopes. The growth technology (chemical vapor deposition) has been scaled up to produce disks of polycrystalline sililcon carbide up to 3.5 m in diameter, and several telescopes are already equipped with SiC optics.
Heating elements
References to silicon carbide heating elements exist from the early 20th century when they were produced by Acheson's Carborundum Co. in the U.S. and EKL in Berlin. Silicon carbide offered increased operating temperatures compared with metallic heaters. Silicon carbide elements are used today in the melting of non-ferrous metals and glasses, heat treatment of metals, float glass production, production of ceramics and electronics components, etc.
Nuclear fuel elements
Silicon carbide is often used as a layer of the tristructural-isotropic coating for the nuclear fuel elements of high temperature gas cooled reactors or very high temperature reactors such as the Pebble Bed Reactor. Silicon carbide provides the mechanical stability to the fuel and is the main diffusion barrier to the release of fission products.
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